Pseudorca crassidens is the third largest species in the Delphinidae family. They are either entirely dark grey or black, and their rounded head has almost no beak.

Genetic disease causing the appearance of benign tumours on the head.

A Latin word here meaning ‘servant.’

Named after the Swiss pediatrician who described it for the first time. This rare disease is an anemia with a strong genetic component which results in impaired bone marrow function. It generally manifests itself in early childhood. In addition to impairment of the bone marrow function, the patients show various associated malformations which vary in terms of seriousness and number as well as an increased susceptibility to certain forms of cancer.

A British coin, produced in one form or another from the 13th century until 1956, and valued at a quarter of a penny.

Muscle fibers which can contract rapidly and strongly but whose resistance to fatigue is weak. 

A material with a spontaneous polarisation that can be reversed by an electric field. Used in ferroelectric memories, for instance.

Dissolving of fibrin, the fibrous protein that forms a mesh and helps to form a blood clot during coagulation.

Cell present in connective tissue, especially in the dermis, ensuring coherence and elasticity.

Development of fibrous tissues that occurs in the place where tissues (for instance, the liver, lungs, kidneys, etc.) have been destroyed during inflammation and haven't regenerated.

In cinema the field is everything that is filmed by the camera. The space visible to the lens, delineated by the frame.

Cytoplasmic projections that contain actin filaments. They play the role of antenna for a migrating cell in order to assess the environment.

Impressive for its size (females can measure up to 25 metres in length in the Mediterranean), this mammal is easily recognizable because it has asymmetrical pigmentation on its head: a dark grey lower left jaw and a white or light grey right lower jaw.

Muscles that allow limbs to flex by decreasing the angle between bones on two sides of a joint (leg/calf, for instance).

An international and independent ‘fair trade label’ certification and monitoring organisation, based in Bonn, in Germany. This organisation responds to an obvious need:  consumers wish to be able to trust the fair trade label, all the more so in that they cannot themselves monitor if the product does indeed meet the demands of fair trade (FT), notably in terms of the prices paid to producers, sustainable production and fair trade ‘development premiums’ assigned to producers to carry out structural investment (schools, health centres, buying land, etc.). To do so, FLO-Cert had a network of 120 independent inspectors who visit, in principle each year, all the FT organisations (producers and traders) in the world, and submit a detailed report of their visits to it.

This is a combination of the intensity of the flood (water depth) and the frequency (rare versus frequent flooding).

Flow chemistry is an area of research that sits between chemistry and chemical engineering, where matter is transformed in a continuous flow within micro- or mesostructured channels in a micro- or mesofluidic reactor (less than 1000 µm in diameter).

"The Moscow fund" is an important source of Belgian archives predating 1940. These archives were seized by the German army when it entered Brussels in 1940 then removed by the Soviet troops in 1945. In addition to the archives from political parties or the Ministry of Justice, the boxes from the National Defense Ministry (called the Ministry of War before 1920) constitute the main part of the archive. Despite their repatriation to Belgium in the spring of 2002, their content today remains largely unexplored, particularly from the point of view of military history. The archives of the Fonds Moscou concerning Belgian defense are currently preserved in the Royal Army Museum in Brussels.

A food chain is a linear consequence of links in an ecosystem starting from a species that eats no other species in the ecosystem and ends at a species that is eaten by no other species in the web.

A platform that measures the force exerted on its surface through sensors.

Forensics is a scientific field studying the tracks which have their origins in criminal activity, or in litigious procedures in civil, statuary or administrative matters.

This is the name given to what we know about an extinct biological group by studying all the fossilized specimens that have been discovered and studied in relation to the group in question. When there are few known fossils, the fossil record is classed as poor. Conversely, if it has been possible to discover and study several dozen fossils of a group, the fossil record is classed as good.

all the processes involved in changing organic matter from a dead organism into a mineral molding. To achieve a good level of fossilization, there needs to be a high rate of sedimentation and rapid burial as well as an anoxic (oxygen-free) environment.

French philosopher. In his work, he critiques forms of power, which are pervasive in society because they are involved with institutions that are omnipresent in society. In his book Discipline and Punish (1975), he described our society as a “society of discipline”, which exercises power with the help of institutions that confine individuals (the school, the military barracks, the factory, the hospital, the insane asylum, and above all, the prison system).

Although absent from sources, this expression encompasses a group of heterogeneous ideas used by the French in order to define the areas of Italy in their possession. Indeed, it seems to reflect a two-sided intellectual movement: on the one hand, a rereading of Italy according to French standards (“Italia”); on the other hand, a redefinition of the French themselves through their own view of Italy (“Franco”). Thanks to the oscillation between the two parties of this expression, the Franco-Italia concept suggests a perpetual toing and froing between the acculturation of Italy and the redefining of France’s identity.

The Francovich ruling of the Court of Justice (19 November 1991) established the principle of state liability to individuals for damage that they might have suffered because of that Member State’s violation of European law.
In this case, Francovich and Bonifaci, two Italian nationals to whom bankrupt employers owed salaries, took Italy to court, claiming the state of not having transposed into national law a European Directive protecting employees if their employers went insolvent (the Directive imposed on the States an obligation to enact provisions guaranteeing payment). The Italian courts referred the issue to the Court of Justice. The Court of Justice indicated that the purpose of the Directive was to confer on employees rights which they had been deprived of because of a failure on the part of Italy, which had not yet transposed the Directive into its law. Through this ruling, the Court opens to European citizens the possibility of an action for damages against the State that infringes European law.

A name derived from a Frankish root meaning ‘bold, courageous’. It designates an ensemble of Germanic peoples – the Franks – which was constituted on the right bank of the Mid and Lower Rhine River over the course of the 3^rd century. Carrying out major invasions, they penetrated into Gaul between 430 and 450 before being unified under the authority of Clovis (v. 481-511). It is from this Frankish people which sprang the Merovingian and Carolingian dynasties.

Molecules often derived from oxygen which possess one or several unpaired electrons and are highly unstable. In the human body, they try to pair their unpaired electrons by taking electrons from the organic molecules which provokes a series of reactions and alterations of the cells, or even their destruction. If the free radicals are too numerous and the reserves of antioxidants are too weak to hinder their action, the result is an imbalance which can provoke the appearance of certain illnesses such as joint or heart problems.

A Belgian politician, the founder of the Liberal Party in 1846. He was first of all a local authority councillor (1840), an elected representative of Liège (1847), then Finance Minister from 1848 to 1852 and from 1857 to 1870, and twice Prime Minister, the first time from 1868 to 1870, the second from1878 to 1884.

A volatile organic compound (C₄H₄O), which appears in a number of foods that undergo heat treatment, such as canned and jarred foods. The occurrence in coffee in closed capsules and in jars infant food exhibits the highest levels.
The words furan and furans should not be confused. The generic name of furans is also related to dioxin-like compounds (Read on this topic : Dolphins are the sentinels of pollution in Brazil)

A Common disease of plants due to a parasitic fungus which develops in the soil. It causes a blockage of the vessels thus inhibiting the growth of plants. It can also develop on the twigs or leaves of plants and produce mycotoxins.